Every year, the World Economic Forum recognizes a group of companies whose innovations have the power to change the world. Now days, technologies are moving fast to change the habit of industries and societies. By their great invention that never imagined before, many of tech companies are ready to change your future, including in Cybernetics, Connectivity & Smart Infrastructure. So, here is top list of the Technology Pioneers in Cybernetics, Connectivity & Smart Infrastructure of 2015.
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1.     Avegant Corporation
Avegant produces the Avegant Glyph. Avegant Glyph is a smart headphone integrating premium audio with virtual retinal display (VRD) technologies and physiological sensors. VRD is a great invention that able to mimics the way humans naturally see light, and projecting images directly onto the user’s retina. This technology makes them more lifelike and vivid. Future possible applications include accessibility features for the functionally blind.

2.     HiBot Corporation
HiBot corporation develops robotics that enable dangerous jobs to be performed in a safer and more reliable way. This product has a level of automation that allows robots to work remotely in complex environments while keeping the human operator in the loop. An example is the use of snake robot technology in applications ranging from inspection of pipes to intervention in nuclear power plants.

3.     BlaBlaCar
BlaBlaCar helps people to get safe and comfortable traveling. It connects people who need to travel long distances to drivers who have empty seats. So, they can share the costs of a journey and make travel more social. The website and free mobile app allow drivers to publish a planned journey. While passengers are can easily search and book a ride. The company provides a range of features to create a secure and trust-based community. Over a million people a month use BlaBlaCar to share long journeys.

4.     Eta Devices
Eta Devices’ technology allows the mobile communications industry to reduce its power consumption. In base stations, the company’s technology leads to reduced power and space requirements. It also allows the use of renewable energy to provide telecommunication services in off-grid regions. For handsets, battery life is considerably increased and multiband communications can be enabled at a fraction of the cost and footprint. Hence, consumers get smartphones with a considerably longer battery life.

5.     Jasper Technologies
Jasper’s technologies provide a cloud software platform that enables enterprises to quickly launch, manage and monetize Internet of Things (IoT) service businesses on a global scale. It automates delivery and management of mobile services to connected devices for over 1,000 enterprises on six continents. The platform delivers visibility, real-time control and IoT capabilities such as mobile service management, support diagnostics, billing, real-time engagement and business automation.

6.     Kakao
Kakao is the provider of the famaos KakaoTalk. It is a popular global messaging application and mobile social platform. Through its expansion into services ranging from social media to commerce, marketing and gaming, KakaoTalk is building a mobile ecosystem that fosters growth for business partners, developers and content creators while enriching users’ mobile lives.

7.     SmartThings
The idea of SmartThings is building an open platform for the Internet of Things. SmartThings supports an open and growing ecosystem of inventors and developers to produce new types of connected devices and apps, changing how everyday objects work. SmartThings enables consumers to install connected devices and control them through a mobile app that makes their homes smarter, more reactive and more enjoyable and gives homeowners peace of mind.

Reference: forumblog.org



There are several other economists who are support of free market economic system. Among them there is James Steuart documenting his thoughts in the book “An Inquiry into the Principles of Political Economy” (1767). There is also James Mill and John Stuart Mill whose a book entitled “The Elements of Political Economy” (1819). John Stuart Mill himself also wrote a book entitled “Essays on Some unsettles Question of Political Economy” in 1844 and “The Principles of Political Economy with Some of Their Implication to Social Philosophy” in 1848. These figures are economists and politicians who basically has one view the concept of political economy especially liberal capitalism (Deliarnov, 2006: 24).
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Basically capitalism oriented to the collection of individual capital. Capitalism is based on the principle of private property. In capitalism, labor and other factors of production are owned by the capitalist or the holders of capital. The capitalist has the authority to exploit the capital and its resources to generate private profit (Ritzer, 2005: 493).
In general, the capitalist system includes a money investment, market expansion, industry innovation, maximize productions goods and minimize production costs. For its proponents, the capitalist system is considered capable of making the economy is growing rapidly (McNally, 1990: 87).
The history of capitalism system was begun in the 18thcentury in Europe. The implementation and development of this capitalist system drove very fast moving of the industry. The rapid industrial development triggered the industrial revolution in England in the late 18th century. Other countries that followed to implement capitalism in the country showed the same effect. Industry, trade and investment was growing rapidly. At the end of the 18th century, capitalism spread to America and almost all over the world. Industry was growing rapidly in these countries. Showed that capitalism was successfully developed (Fulcher, 2004: 6, 8). It could be said that capitalism succeeded in bringing industrial development worldwide. The progress of the world economy beginning of the development of capitalism.
The ideology of capitalism can be referred to as the foundation of the emergence of liberalism ideology. This is because capitalism also mention in the talk about freedom or liberal. Ideology focuses on the concept of economic capital, whereas liberalism growing emphasis on the political aspects. In liberalism also talk about aspects of political, social, and economic (Rohmann, 2000: 231).
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Individualism does not mean there is no cooperation between individuals. In the pursuit of personal desire, cooperation between individuals is also required. This described in the principle of "division of labor". If one can focus on a particular field and other fields to submit to someone else, then they can be an expert. In the end, the results obtained by each individual, can be maximized. This concept does not just apply to relationships between individuals, but also the State's relationship (Deliarnov, 2006: 26).
Furthermore, Adam Smith introduced the concept of absolute advantage. A state should be able to produce goods that require only minimal production costs and maximum quality. The surplus goods then can be exported and other goods that are not produced in the country can be imported. The principle of absolute advantage is considered to encourage the growth of international trade (Rohmann, 2000: 7).
The process is identical with the trade market mechanism. In the principle of capitalism, market mechanisms occur in the absence of planning, ordering or structuring. Smith said the driver of the market mechanism is the invisible hand, or means to let the market work by itself withour interfere by any state power. The invisible hand can regulate economic activity that takes place between consumers, distributors, and manufacturers. This concept will bring the market mechanism at the equilibrium point or balance (Deliarnov, 2000: 29).
Capitalism can also be referred to as a free economic system. This is because Smith's teach about the individual freedom of action. This concept says that every person is free to do the best for him respectively. The concept of freedom is known as liberalism. Liberalism is an ideology that defends freedom. Freedom includes the individual action in work and the national government tried to minimize interference (Deliarnov, 2000: 30).
Although Smith opposed government interference in the economic aspects, this does not mean the country is not considered important. Smith considers the sovereign state has an important role as well. State role in the defense, justice, public works and public institutions (Deliarnov, 2000: 32).
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In addition to Smith, there are economists David Ricardo who wrote a book on the economics of capitalism. Ricardo wrote a book entitled Principles of Political Economy and Taxation in 1917. Ricardo stated that capital accumulation is the basis of economic expansion. Ricardo supports the principle that does not allow the state to intervene in economic activity. Ricardo said that restriction on private investment need to be abolished. The division of labor and free trade policies will benefit all countries. Ricardo Smith linked the concept of capitalism in the international economic system (Chilcote, 2010: 554).
Ricardo introduces the concept of comparative advantage. In international trade, countries are not only oriented toward absolute excellence, but also on comparative advantage. This emphasise on price competition among exporting countries. A country will certainly choose to import goods cheaper because it is more profitable. This could encourage competition in the production in order to produce goods more efficiently and cheaper (Rohmann, 2000: 7-8).
Thomas Robert Malthus wrote a book entitled Principles of Political Economy in 1820. In his book, Malthus said that the government is not supposed to has sympathy for the poor. According to him, such measures would only reduce the welfare rights of other communities. While Jeremy Betham in his Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation (1769) has argued that human interests should take place in tandem. Government action is acceptable if such action does not represent the interests of particular groups. Individuals should get the freedom in the framework of the limits of moral and legal (Chilcote, 2010: 555).
In a book entitled Capitalism (1991), Arthur Sheldon talk a lot about the market in a capitalist economy. The market has a primary function to allocate the available resources rationally. According to Sheldon, the economic system in a market mechanism serving to develop techniques that are useful in assessing the scarce resources, create incentives to concentrate on the most productive method, providing a tool to assemble and distribute information, as well as creating the output allocation principles in the highest value (Deliarnov, 2000: 29).
For Sheldon, the market is the driving force of prosperity. The market reflects individual needs and desires of the community in general. The market is not an instrument to be used a handful of people who have political power for its own sake. In fact, according to Milton Friedmanin Capitalism and Freedom (1963) the market system can reduce racial and ethnic discrimination effectively. It can be seen from the judging consumer preferences for items based on price and quality and not because of racial background, ethnicity or religion of the seller (Deliarnov, 2000: 29).
Capitalism discusses about the social sciences, economics and politics. The word capitalism comes from the Latin language "capitale" which in English means life stock. Taken from the word "caput" meaning head count. Formerly, caput was a symbol of wealth. In ancient Rome, property was identified by the number of head of livestock owned. But then, the word ‘capital’ was often used to refer to the capital economic terms such as "money" or "investment of money" (Ritzer, 2005: 75).
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The ideology of capitalism pioneered by Adam Smith in 1776 in a book entitled “An Inquiry into the Nature and Cause if the Wealth of Nations”. This theory defines about economic activity emphasizes the individualistic principle where there is no interference from the state (McNally, 1990: 86). Thought Adam Smith inspired by the thought of the fisiokrat idea developed by Francois Quesnay (1694-1774). Quesnay assumed that the existence of the privilege enjoyed by the merchant would eventually lead to dissatisfaction of the peasantry. This was evidenced by the emergence of the French Revolution in the late 18th century. The fisiokrat then asked the government not to intervene in economic activities. For the sake of improving the situation, several things must be abolished. Monopolies, trade barriers and easiness to a group of people was something that should be eliminated (Deliarnov, 2006: 23).
The main points of the ideas of Adam Smith is that economic activity is most appropriate when described as an individual action. Individuals should be free to pursue and ensure the well-being or personal wealth (Friedman, 2003: 104). Capitalism emphasizes individual freedom to work or free enterprise. Smith sums up capitalism in the main themes of wealth, the division of labor, human nature, market mechanisms, as well as liberalism (Deliarnov, 2006: 24 ).

For Smith, individualism indicates the order of the market economy. The principle of individualism rather than cause chaos or disorder, but as forming competitive market equilibrium (Chilcote, 2010: 554). The capitalist system will automatically search for market expansion. This is a result of human nature and selfish individual. The desire to accumulate as much capital triggers the growth of the network to the foreign market (McNally, 1990: 87).
Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini was born as a dust in Dovia Village, Predappio Province, Italy on a sunny Sunday in July, 29th1883. Why was he considered as dust? His figure that could be great in the land of Italy was just born from couples who were trapped in poverty. Not only poor, his family was ruined by a life totally in disharmony. A disharmony that was not worthy of being a living environment for a growing child.
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The messy life led Mussolini growing wild and rebellious. Mussolini lived his life without attention as well as a grain of dust. However, Mussolini had a dream to become the ruler of Italy. But, from childhood to adult his life full of chaotic with various criminal records. Although his behavior was uncontrollable, Mussolini was actually a smart kid, especially in speech. However, he used his skill just to spread a bad criticize, offensive, and doing propaganda as he pleased. He had never built social relations nicely. Political atmosphere that was not stable in the country, forced Mussolini often feel the cold prison bars. Moreover, Mussolini also likes to do violence and playing women. Two characteristics that often brought him losing its works before he jumped in the world of journalism.
His first journalism career began in the Avanti newspaper, the party's official newspaper of socialist, in December 1912 at the age of 29. His ability to improve newspapers rank by presenting propaganda in political news and deliver a speech managed him to attain his own fame. However, this was not actually obtained fame of noble deeds favored all parties. All the mischief, rebellion, sedition, and speeches about illegal socialist he had that indeed invited many enemies to him. But, contrary, he considered as an idol for some groups who actually worships the arrogant attitude of Mussolini.
The government’s role to imprison Mussolini and put his name on a black list, and even make expelled from various cities and countries, just made him appear as a hero. Mussolini even been named as "Vice Romagna Socialists" and was also nicknamed as "the whole power of the revolutionary Italian Duce". The name Mussolini has skyrocketed due to his admission in a political party. His speeches won the Socialist Party managed to deliver the highest-ever seats, 53 seats.

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On 9 July 1914, Mussolini launched a revolt, the action "Red Sunday" or a strike massive bulk. Mussolini led thousands of people with a blood red flag. This action made Mussolini once again arrested and made him increasing brutality until he finally fired from the newspaper Avanti on 19 October 1914. Mussolini then set up his own newspaper on October 28, 1914, with the support of politicians, businessmen, and journalists. The newspaper called il popolo d'italian (Italians). His newspaper always ran criticizing article and bold in that made this newspaper circulation soared and dropped the prestige of Avanti.

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Later then, views on socialist changed. Together with many new followers were not socialist, Mussolini founded the new movement called "Fasci d'Azione Rivolusionarea" youth-groups that want war. Just a word which originally meant Fasci group, started to become a symbol of the struggle of Mussolini. With the support of members, amounting to tens of thousands of people, Mussolini did street action, rebellion, and propaganda throughout Italy. Fasci or fascist fame, and even with people was able to dissolve parliament. The trust brought the fascist tried to gain victory in the elections for the first time on 12 September 1922. But, participation in this election it was not in line with previous luck. This election even brought it fallen down because no chair obtained by Fasci.
Mussolini had slumped in despair to the fascist forces. However, it rose again with the worsening of Italy. Fascists were once again tried his luck in the following election, and then managed to get the confidence to gain the 35 seats of the 535 seats available.
That time, Italy was hit by misfortune. Crisis and political instability severely attacked Italy and made the cabinet were destroyed one after another. This crisis was considered extremely dangerous for the King position. Mussolini, saw this danger as golden opportunity. Mussolini then plotted a coup at a secret meeting on October 16, 1922. Only two choices offered to the King by Mussolini, the fascist government or not at all. The King finally lifted Mussolini became the youngest Prime Minister of Italy at the age of 39 years, at 12 noon, 30 October 1922.
Mussolini was prepared solidified its position. He worked hard to earn the trust of many people. Mussolini made a success of his revolution. Riots in the streets disappeared, stability achieved, the construction went smoothly, hospitals and schools were established everywhere. All of these advances raised Mussolini popularity quickly. Under Mussolini role, the Italian stepped revered for his success in progress.
The next step was then drove the emergence of a new dictator in the history of Europe. After Mussolini won the election in April 1924, Mussolini then ruled massive control to all aspects of people's lives in Italy. Mussolini, who often was hailed by the "Duce" began to look for honor and started doing the indoctrination of the people and children in the country. Progress had indeed been presented by Mussolini in Italy, was also officially recognized by the world leaders in many other countries. Even Mahatma Gandhi called him as a "new Italian rescuers". There was one positive value of Mussolini on how to run his personal life. Because even in glory, Musssolini stayed alive in the usual way, in simplicity.

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